Artificial-stone pavement



RM. BRUNER.

ARTIFIGIAL STONE PAVEMENT.

Patented Mar. 6', 1894.

(No Modal.) I

Zbjaar/@d/ ,7%@5570/7, 5TH/7er 197 PM awl me NAnornL mucamwmnn noma wAsmNaTorl. D. c.

UNITED STATES FFiCEe PATENT ARTIFICIALSTONE PAVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,901, dated March 6, 1894.

i x, Application inea April 15,1893. sensing. 470,418. (No Specimens-l To @ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, PRESTON M. BRUNER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Artificial-Stone Pavements, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specifica` tion.

My invention relates to anew and useful improvement in the construction of artificial stone pavements and curb facings therefor, which consists in separating, or forming a fissure between said parts, at a point about the surface line of separation between an ordinary curb stone and pavement, which separation or ssure between the artificial stone pavement and artificial curb facing, makes the parts substantially independent: and in embedding in the artificial stone pavement and artificial stone curb facing, tie rods, which span the fissure and connect the parts together.

Artificial stone pavements have been constructed with a downwardly curved curb-facing, making this curb-facing integral and continuous with the pavement proper, thereby obviating the disagreeable feature of the seam which was present between the contiguous edge of the artificial pavement and the natural rock curb-stone, forming the curb edge of the artificial pavement substantially an inverted L-shape. While, by this means, one evil, as referred to, has been remedied, it has been found in practice that it introduces other features still more objectionable. It has been found that after a pavement, of the character just described, has been in use for some time, the natural spread of the street pavement, from frost, rbc., impinging against the vertical member of the L portion will press it inward and form an irregular crack on the surface of the pavement, along and near the curb edge of the same.

My invention consists in features of improvement whereby this obj ectionabie featue due to the spread of the street pavement is provided for, and in the details of construction whereby the same may be effected in practice.

In the accompanying drawing, in which like symbols of reference denote like parts where they occur, is represented a perspective View of a portion of an artificial pavement, constructed according to my invention, showing, as well, an elevational view on a line from curb to building line.

Arepresents the pavement proper which extends from the building line, represented by the structure B, to the inner edge of the curbfacing portion, C, of the pavement which projects below the surface of the street pavement, represented by the cobble stones D, which is built up to and impinges against the lower portion ofthe facing O. Below the facing C of the artificial stone pavement, are preferably placed the subcurb blocks of natural rock E. As is Well known in the construction of artificial stone pavements, it is underlaid with a substructure consisting of alayer F of broken and packed roclr, or gravel, superposed with a layer of cinders or sand, G, the artificial stone pavement being laid over all. Also, the pavement itself consists, generally,in two or more layers of differently constructed material, as, for instance, a layer of concrete,consisting in a mixture of finely broken rock and cement, and a finishinglayer of cement mixed with pulverized rock, dto. inasmuch as these features do not enter into the subject matter of my invention and are unimportant to the essential. features of the improvements I claim as novel, l have considered, and illustrated in the drawing, the pavement, as a Whole, as consisting in one homogeneous mass.

In constructing a pavementaccording to my improved plan, I first build the curb facing portion C, preferably on the top of the sub-curb stone of natural rock, E, continuously along the outer edge of the desired pavement. Along the inner, or pavement, side of the facing portion C, while in the course of construction, l insert or embed the tie rods H, of convenient length, at intervals of every three or four feet, allowing about one-half of their length to extend from the face of the same. Subsequently, I build the rest of the pavement proper, A, in the usual manner, fiush with the upper surface of the edge or curb portion C, the material thereof firmly binding with the extending ends of the tie rods H, thereby securing the iat portion A and the edge portion C, of the pavement, permanently together.

In forming the edge or curb portion C, I preferably form the upper edge of the inner side face of the same with an offset or shoulder c on which the outer edge of the dat portion A of the pavement, when constructed, will rest, forming a bearing for that edge of the flat portion, thereby not relying altogether on the substructure of broken material F and cinders G forvsupporting the same, at that edge, flush with the edge portion C. This last named feature, while being of material advantage, is of subsidiary importance with respect to the main features of my invention, z'. e., first, constructing an artiicialstone pavement with an overhanging edge or curb portion; second, in forming this edge portion as separate from the pavement proper or the fiat portion; and, third, in securing these two portions together by the embedded tie rods. The advantage of the first has already been referred to. In addition tO this, the regular and continuous curb edge of the payment, as thus constructed, presents an appearance which is not pos sible in the use of the natural rock cnrbstones. It is obvious thata parting exists in the pavement, when constructed as described, between the dat portion of the pavement and the curb-facing, corresponding, in position, to the seam between the curbstone of natural rock, when the same is used, and the outer edge of thc articial stone pavement. But this, when both parts are similarly constructed from artificial stone, is not objectionable and, in fact, is of decided advantage, as will appear from the following discussion of the second point of advantage.

When the street pavement spreads, as it will surely do, sooner or later, it impinges on the lower portion 0f the curb facing, forcing it inward. This will have, evidently, the tendency to open up the joint at the parting between the curb-facing and the dat portion. But this movement, while large enough to crack, and that irregularly, the material of the pavement when it is in one piece, is not enough to separate the parts sufficiently to make the same seriously objectionable, as far as appearance is concerned. Inasmuch as the joint already exists it will only widen it slightly, and that uniformly and continuously. This defect, however, if it can be considered such, is remedied by binding the separate parts together by the tie rods embedded therein, as described. Vhen there is any movement in the street pavement, the parts of the artificial stone pavement being bound together, the inward movement of the curbportion will be transmitted to the flat portion tending, to a small degree, to spring or belly up the dat portion, retaining the joint therebetween practically in normal condition. A further function of these tie rods is that they prevent the separation'of the parts and the curb portion from falling away from the flat portion.

Having thus described my inventiomwhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination with an articial stone pavement of a curb facing composed of articial stone, said parts being separated by a parting line or fissure so thattheyare substantially independent of each other, and tie rods which are embedded in each of said parts, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 10th day of April, 1893.

PRESTON INI. BRUNER.

Witnesses:

A. RAMEs, HUGH K. WAGNER. 

